Overview
In This important book & These Essays, or rather Lectures, contain the first-fruits of the earliest systematic attempt to apply the theory of Evolution to the products of human handiwork. In their original form they have long been difficult to obtain; they are reprinted now to supply the needs of candidates for the Oxford Diploma in Anthropology, and of the numerous visitors to the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Oxford. But they will certainly appeal to a far wider public also, as a brief and authentic statement of their author’s discoveries.

It is intended to have the first sixteen pages of this book simply read in the class, with such running comment and discussion as may be useful to help the beginner catch the spirit of the subject-matter, and not leave him to the mere letter of dry definitions. In like manner, the definitions at the beginning of each Book should be read and discussed in the recitation room.

There is a decided advantage in having the de_nitions for each Book in a single group so that they can be included in one survey and discussion. For a similar reason the theorems of limits are considered together. The subject of limits is exceedingly interesting in itself, and it was thought best to include in the theory of limits in the second Book every principle required for Plane and Solid Geometry.

It is believed that the development of our knowledge during the last few years fully justifies this course. The theory of ionization has also been freely used, as the only means we have by which a large class of phenomena can be clearly presented and understood. It seems desirable to give some material which it is not possible to emphasize or teach thoroughly in a brief course and some things which are rather for reference than to be learned. To aid teachers and students in distinguishing such paragraphs, they are indicated by an asterisk. 

MOST adolescent boys and girls are more interested in themselves than in abstract problems. Although colleges emphasize mathematics and languages in their entrance requirements and say little about science, there has been a rapid growth in the number of sciences elected in the high schools.
This is primarily due to the realization that science is more a part of the lives of pupils than other school subjects and an answer to more of their questions.

The ultimate destinies of our race — concerning also the nature of other worlds and states of existence differing from those of our present life — checked and examined at every pointy verified in all directions and constantly under examination throughout has come to be looked on by its custodians as constituting the absolute truth concerning spiritual things, the actual state of the facts regarding vast regions of vital activity lying beyond this earthly existence.

(Electricity and Magnetism)

Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Beginning with Benjamin Franklin's experiment with a kite one stormy night in Philadelphia,the principles of electricity gradually became understood. In the mid-1800s everyone's life changed the electricity.

AMONG the ranks of the great astronomers it would be difficult to find one whose life presents more interesting features and remarkable vicissitudes than does that of Galileo. We may consider him as the patient investigator and brilliant discoverer. We may consider him in his private relations, especially to his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, a woman of very remarkable character ; and we have also the pathetic drama at the close of Galileo's life, when the philosopher drew down upon himself the thunders of the Inquisition.

Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Its full title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. For the sixth edition of 1872, the short title was changed to The Origin of Species. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. Also added a Glossary on the Evolution The glossary is arranged alphabetically. Although you may find many of the terms familiar, the definitions and explanations frequently etymology..

Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions concern what counts as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth. There is no consensus on many central problems in philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences such as biology or physics. Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy.

In this treatise I have tried to present in systematic and definite form a simple, rigorous, and thoroughly modem introduction to the fundamental principles of electromagnetic theory, together with some of the simpler of their more interesting and important non-technical applications.