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Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville (French: [alɛksi ʃaʁl ɑ̃ʁi kleʁɛl də tɔkvil]; 29 July 1805 – 16 April 1859) was a French political thinker and historian best known for his works Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856). In both of these, he analyzed the improved living standards and social conditions of individuals, as well as their relationship to the market and state in Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville’s travels in the United States, and is today considered an early work of sociology and political science.
Tocqueville was active in French politics, first under the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and then during the Second Republic (1849–1851) which succeeded the February 1848 Revolution. He retired from political life after Louis Napoléon Bonaparte’s 2 December 1851 coup, and thereafter began work on The Old Regime and the Revolution.[1]
Democracy In America: “Book One”
This illustrated book, the first volume of the our "Democracy In America" series..
In the eleven years that separated the Declaration of the Independence of the United States from the completion of that act in the ordination of our written Constitution, the great minds of America were bent upon the study of the principles of government that were essential to the preservation of the liberties which had been won at great cost and with heroic labors and sacrifices. Their studies were conducted in view of the imperfections that experience had developed in the government of the Confederation, and they were, therefore, practical and thorough.
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Democracy In America: “Book Two”
This illustrated book, the Second Volume of the our "Democracy In America" series..
Some readers may perhaps be astonished that—firmly persuaded as that the democratic revolution which we are witnessing is an irresistible fact against which it would be neither desirable nor wise to struggle—We should often have had occasion in this book to address language of such severity to those democratic communities which this revolution has brought into being. Our answer is simply, that it is because I am not an adversary of democracy, that I have sought to speak of democracy in all sincerity.
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